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Notes

Preface to the Revised Edition
1. Oscar Lewis, The Children of Sanchez ( New York, 1961); Michael B. Katz, The Un-
deserving Poor: From the War on Poverty to the War on Welfare ( New York, 1989).
2. Daniel Patrick Moynihan, The Negro Family: The Case for National Action ( Wash-
ington, D.C., March 1965); Lee Rainwater and William L. Yancey, The Moynihan Report
and the Politics of Controversy ( Cambridge, Mass., 1967).
3. Stanley Elkins, Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life
( Chicago, 1959). Kenneth Stampp set the stage for the studies of the 1970s with his major
reinterpretation of slavery in 1956. See Kenneth M. Stampp, The Peculiar Institution
( New York, 1956).
4. John W. Blassingame, The Slave Community: Plantation Life, in the Antebellum
South ( New York, 1972). Herbert G. Gutman, in The Black Family in Slavery and Free-
dom, 1750-1925 ( New York, 1976), makes a strong case that black families survived during
and after slavery. Eugene D. Genovese, in Roll Jordan Roll: The World the Slaves Made
( New York, 1974), argues that slaves used the tradition of paternalism among masters to
find a measure of humanity in an otherwise inhumane system.
5. Leon F. Litwack, North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free States, 1790-1860 ( Chica-
go, 1961).
6. Ira Berlin, Slaves Without Masters: The Free Negro in the Antebellum South ( New
York, 1974).
7. Theodore Hershberg, ed., Philadelphia: Work, Space, Family, and Group Experience
in the 19th Century: Essays Toward an Interdisciplinary History of the City ( New York,
1981).
8. Leonard P. Curry, The Free Black in Urban America, 1800-1850: The Shadow of the
Dream ( Chicago, 1981); William D. Piersen, Black Yankees: The Development Of an Afro-
American Subculture in Eighteenth-Century New England ( Amherst, Mass., 1988);
Robert J. Cottrol, The Afro-Yankees: Providence's Black Community in the Antebellum
Era ( Westport, Conn., 1982); Gary B. Nash, Forging Freedom: The Formation of Philadel-
phia's Black Community, 1720-1840 ( Cambridge, Mass., 1988); Julie Winch, Philadel-
phia's Black Elite: Activism, Accommodation, and the Struggle for Autonomy,
1787-1848 ( Philadelphia, 1988); Shane White, Somewhat More Independent: The End of
Slavery in New York City, 1770-1810 ( Athens, Ga., 1991). Other important studies of
northern blacks include Graham Russell Hodges, Slavery and Freedom in the Rural
North: African Americans in Monmouth County, New Jersey, 1665-1870 ( Madison, Wis.,
1997), and Donald R. Wright, African Americans in the Early Republic, 1789-1831 ( Ar-
lington Heights, Ill., 1993). For a cogent discussion of the formulation of racial theory in
the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, see Joanne Pope Melish, Disowning
Slavery: Gradual Emancipation and Race in New England, 1780-1860 ( Ithaca, N.Y.,
1998). George A. Levesque Black Boston: African American Life and Culture in Urban
America, 1750-1860 ( New York, 1994) is essentially his 1975 Ph.D. dissertation.

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Publication Information: Book Title: Black Bostonians: Family Life and Community Struggle in the Antebellum North. Contributors: James Oliver Horton - author, Lois E. Horton - author. Publisher: Holmes & Meier. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1999. Page Number: 145.
    
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