NOTES
1
Nguyen Trong Hoang, "Traditional Education in Viet Nam," Vietnamese Studies, 30 ( 1971), p. 143. Reference is made to
Cao Xuan Duc Index of Examination through the Dynasties.
4
Doan Viet Hoat, The Development of Modern Higher Education in Viet Nam: A Focus on Cultural
and Socio-political Forces (Doctoral dissertation, Florida State University, 1971), p. 17.
5
R. B. Smith, "The Cycle of Confucianization in Vietnam," p. 19 in
Walter F. Vella, ed., Aspects
of Vietnamese History ( University Press of Hawaii, 1973).
6
Quoted in
Hoang, "Traditional Education," p. 143.
7
Hoat, The Development of Modern Higher Education, p. 25. Compare, however,
Neil L. Jamieson
, Understanding Vietnam ( University of California Press, 1993), p. 52: "The examination system
was still thriving in the 1890s, especially in the north."
10
Hoang, "Traditional Education," p. 144.
11
See
Gail P. Kelly, "Colonial Schools in Vietnam: Policy and Practice," p. 96 in
Philip G. Altbach
and
Gail P. Kelly, eds., Education and Colonialism ( Longman, 1978) and Kelly, Franco-Vietnamese
Schools, 1918-1938: Regional Development and Implications for National Integration ( Center for
Southeast Asian Studies, University of Wisconsin, April 1982), p. 5.
12
J. Kim Munholland, "'Collaboration Strategy' and the French Pacification of Tonkin, 1885-
1897," Historical Journal, 24 ( 1981), p. 649.
13
Joseph Buttinger, Vietnam: A Dragon Embattled. 2 vols. ( Praeger, 1967), p. 46, quoted in
Nhu Duc Duong
, Education in Vietnam under the French Domination, 1862-1945 ( Doctoral dissertation,
Southern Illinois University, 1978), p. 35.
14
Lê Quang Hông, "Compulsory Education in Viet-Nam," p. 115, in
Charles Bilodeaux and
others , Compulsory Education in Cambodia, Laos and Viet-Nam ( UNESCO, 1955).
15
Ngo Vinh Long, Before the Revolution: The Vietnamese Peasants Under the French ( MIT Press, 1973), p. 73.
16
See
Kelly, Franco-Vietnamese Schools, p. 32 and "Schooling and National Integration: The
Case of Interwar Vietnam," Comparative Education, 18 ( 1982), p. 186.
17
Ngo Vinh Long, Before the Revolution, p. 73 and
Kelly, Franco-Vietnamese Schools, p. 32.
18
George S. Counts, "Education in the Philippines," Elementary School Journal, 26 ( October
1925), p. 106.
19
Kelly, Franco-Vietnamese Schools, p. 377.
20
Kelly, "Colonial Schools in Vietnam," p. 99.
21
Kelly, Franco-Vietnamese Schooh, p. 43.
22
Hông, "Compulsory Education in Vietnam," pp. 117, 119.
23
Hy V. Luong and Nguyen Doc Bang, Revolution in the Village. Tradition and Transformation in
North Vietnam, 1925-1988 ( University of Hawaii Press, 1992), p. 47.
24
Kelly, "Colonial Schools in Vietnam," p. 104.
25
Kelly, Franco-Vietnamese Schools, 1918 to 1938 ( Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1975), p. 93.
26
Kelly, Franco-Vietnamese Schools, p. 16.
27
Duong, Education in Vietnam, p. 27.
29
Kelly, Franco-Vietnamese Schools, 1918 to 1938, p. 71.
30
Gail P. Kelly, "The Myth of Educational Planning: The Case of the Indochinese University,1906-38,"
-151-
Questia, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning. www.questia.com
Publication information:
Book title: Asian-American Education:Historical Background and Current Realities.
Contributors: Meyer Weinberg - Author.
Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Place of publication: Mahwah, NJ.
Publication year: 1997.
Page number: 151.
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