HALLGRIM KLøVE

Hallgrim Kløve (born 1927) received the candidatus degree in psychology from the
University of Oslo in 1952. A frequent contributor to various scientific journals,
Kløve has also served as consulting editor to Epilepsia, the Journal of Clini-
cal and Experimental Neuropsychology, Clinical Neuropsychologist, the
Journal of Learning Disability, Cephalgia, and Neuropsychology.

A specialist in neuropsychology, he has been president of the International
Neuropsychological Society, chairman of the Professional Ethics Committee of the
Norwegian Psychological Association ( 1974-84), member of the Board of Gover-
nors of the International Neuropsychological Society ( 1974-79), and committee
chair on Clinical Neuropsychology of the Norwegian Psychological Association
(since 1988). Kløve is professor of clinical neuropsychology at the University of
Bergen.

In Norway psychology is taught at several institutions of higher
learning, but only two universities, the University of Oslo and the Univer-
sity of Bergen, grant degrees leading to licensing as a psychologist by the
Department of Health and Social Affairs. The other universities, the Univer-
sity of Trondheim and the University of Tromso, offer psychology courses at
various levels but not for the career of a professional psychologist.

The educational system in Norway does not grant the doctorate as a pro-
fessional degree. The system is the same for all major professions, such as
medicine, dentistry, law, and psychology. The professional degrees are can-
didatus degrees, which constitute the basis for licensing. The educational
system also grants doctoral degrees, but they are strictly research degrees
without any direct relevance for professional practice. In Norway a doc-
toral degree alone is not sufficient for granting a license as a professional
practitioner.

Doctoral training in Norway is of two basic types. The dr. philos. degree is
based on a scientific dissertation. There are few formal requirements, but the
thesis must be approved by a committee appointed by a university. Two pub-
lic lectures and a public defense of the dissertation are required. This degree
system is old and is considered the traditional doctoral degree in Norway.
However, during the last several years a new degree system has evolved. In

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