This chapter is centered on the problems of the continual ac-
celeration of the Chinese revolution that began in 1955. Part A of
this chapter provides the theoretical concept--the application of the
idea of nonantagonistic contradictions, which Mao Tse-tung had
assimilated as early as 1937, to the concrete conditions of Chinese
society. Parts B and C contain Mao's reflections regarding China's
evolution, the first part from the relatively narrow (though funda-
mental) viewpoint of the collectivization of agriculture, the second
in the wider perspective of the struggle between man and nature.

Text A 1 is a brief extract from the 1937 article "On Contradic-
tion," containing a citation of Lenin's famous phrase, published in
the Leninskij Sbornik in 1929, which constitutes the locus classicus
of the idea of nonantagonistic contradictions under socialism. The
brief but striking passage constituting Text A 2 is taken from an
editorial of the Jen-min Jih-pao of April, 1956, which, although not
signed by Mao, has been attributed to him. According to the note
accompanying its publication, the editorial was written after a meet-
ing of the newspaper's editors with the Central Committee of the
Communist Party. There is therefore no doubt that it reflects Mao's
viewpoint. The third text of part A is composed of substantial ex-
tracts from Mao Tse-tung's speech of February 27, 1957, as it was
published in June, 1957. This speech is too well known to require
further commentary. Moreover, it was discussed at some length in
the general introduction.

Three of the texts, B 1, B 2, and B 3, illustrate Mao's position be-
fore taking power on the first stage in the agrarian transformation of
China. On the one hand, Mao is constantly preoccupied with the
problem of the link between changes in this field and the social
bases of the Communists' power; and on the other hand, there is
his clear affirmation that the collectivization of agriculture was the
ultimate goal--even if he did not say explicitly then, as he did in
his revised edition, that the Chinese form of collectivization would
necessarily be identical with the Soviet form. Texts B 4 and B 5
show him, on the contrary, exhorting his comrades of the Chinese

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