The Environmental Debate: A Documentary History

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The Environmental Debate: A Documentary History

Book by Peninah Neimark, Peter Rhoades Mott; Greenwood Press, 1999. 323 pgs.

Series Foreword

Acknowledgments

Significant Dates in American Environmental History

Part I Foundations of American Environmental Thought and Action

Document 1: Biblical Views of Nature and Humanity

Document 2: Virgil's Pastoral View of Nature (c. 50 B.C.E.)

Document 3: Christopher Columbus Inventories the New World's Natural Resources (1493)

Document 4: Jean Ribaut Discovers the Natural Abundance of Terra Florida (1563)

Document 5: Baltasar de Obregon's Account of the Riches of New Mexico (1584)

Document 7: William Bradford on Life in the Wilderness (1620, 1621)

Document 8: Francis Bacon on Science and Technology (1629)

Document 9: Regulating the Herring Run in the Town of Plymouth (1637, 1638, 1639, 1662)

Document 10: Predator Control and Game Hunting Regulation in Rhode Island Colony (1639, 1646)

Document 11: Thomas Hobbes's Social Contract Theory (1651)

Document 13: William Penn Contracts to Set Aside Timbered Lands (1681)

Document 14: John Locke on Property and Labor (1690)

Document 15: John Ray on Gardens and Wilderness (1691)

Document 16: Jonathan Edwards on God and Nature (1739)

Document 17: Peter Kalm on Land Management (1753)

Document 18: William Blackstone's On the Rights of Things (1765-1769)

Document 19: John Bartram on Reclaiming Florida's Wetlands (1767)

Part II Politicians, Naturalists, and Artists in the New Nation, 1776-1840

Document 20: Thomas Jefferson on Agrarianism and Industrialization (1785, 1816)

Document 21: James Madison on Population and Property (1786, 1788)

Document 22: Philip Freneau's Noble Savage (1788)

Document 23: William Bartram on the Human Impact on the Environment (1791)

Document 24: Benjamin Rush on Saving the Sugar Maple (1791)

Document 25: The Founding Fathers on the Care of the Land (1793, 1818)

Document 26: Thomas Malthus's Essay on the Principle of Population (1798)

Document 27: Meriwether Lewis on the Slaughter of Buffaloes (1805)

Document 28: Act Establishing the First Federal Forest Reserve (1817)

Document 30: James Fenimore Cooper Laments the Disappearance of Unregulated Wilderness (1823)

Document 31: George Catlin's Proposal for a National Park (1832)

Document 32: Black Hawk on the Indians and the Land (1833)

Document 33: John James Audubon on the Senseless Destruction of Fish, Birds, and Quadrupeds (1833)

Part III The Origins of Environmental Activism, 1840-1890

Document 34: Thomas Cole's "Lament of the Forest" (1841)

Document 35: John James Audubon on the Decimation of the Bison Herds (1843)

Document 36: Ralph Waldo Emerson on Nature (1844, 1884)

Document 37: William Cullen Bryant's Proposal for a Great Municipal Park (1844)

Document 38: Andrew Jackson Downing Talks about Public Parks and Gardens (1848)

Document 39: Swamp and Overflow Act (1850)

Document 40: The Shattuck Report's Recommendations for Sanitary Improvement (1850)

Document 41: Rebecca Harding Davis on Smoke and Soot in a Mill Town (1861)

Document 41: Rebecca Harding Davis on Smoke and Soot In a Mill Town (1861)

Document 43: George Perkins Marsh's Man and Nature (1864)

Document 44: Henry David Thoreau on the Value of Living Things (1864)

Document 45: Act Granting Yo-Semite Valley to California (1864)

Document 46: the Citizens' Association of New York On Sewage and Disease (1865)

Document 47: John Muir on the Spirituality of Nature (1866)

Document 48: Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux on Creating Parks to Serve the Public (1866, 1872)

Document 49: Charles Darwin on the Similarity between Humans and Other Animals (1871)

Document 50: Act Establishing Yellowstone National Park (1872)

Document 51: Mining Act (1872)

Document 52: Carl Schurz on the Need for Federal Forest Conservation (1877)

Document 53: Henry George on Land Development (1879)

Document 54: Act Establishing the Adirondack Forest Preserve (1885)

Document 55: American Ornithologists' Union's Model Law (1886)

Document 56: George Bird Grinnell and Cecelia Thaxter on the Audubon Society Cause (1886)

Document 57: Constitution of the Boone and Crockett Club (1887)

Document 58: John Wesley Powell on the Lands of the Arid Region (1890)

Document 55: American Ornithologists' Union's Model Law (1886)

Document 59: Forest Reserve Act (1891)

Document 60: Frederick J. Turner on the Disappearance of the Frontier (1894)

Document 61: Rivers and Harbors Act (1899)

Document 62: Theodore Roosevelt on Forest Conservation and Land Reclamation (1901)

Document 63: Reclamation Act (1902)

Document 64: Upton Sinclair on the Adulteration of Processed Food (1906)

Document 65: Ellen Swallow Richards on Sanitation and Human Ecology (1907)

Document 66: Theodore Roosevelt on the Conservation and Use of Natural Resources (1907)

Document 67: Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr., on the Smoke Nuisance (1908)

Document 69: Richard Ballinger on the Development of the West (1909)

Document 70: Report of the National Conservation Commission (1909)

Document 71: WJ McGee on Conservation (1909)

Document 72: Jane Addams on Garbage (1910)

Document 73: Gifford Pinchot on Conservation and the National Interest (1911)

Part V Rethinking Our Relationship to Nature, 1920-1960

Document 74: Pennsylvania Coal Company V. Mahon Et Al. (1922)

Document 75: Village of Euclid Et Al. V. Ambler Realty Company (1926)

Document 76: Henry Beston on the Human Relationship with Nature (1928)

Document 77: Franklin D. Roosevelt on the Conservation of America's Forests (1930)

Document 78: Stuart Chase on Waste in the Machine Age (1931)

Document 79: Arthur Kallet and F. J. Schlink on the Dangers of Manufactured Products (1932)

Document 80: Luther Standing Bear on Native Americans and the Rights of Other Living Things (1933)

Document 81: Arthur Tansley on the Concept of the Ecosystem (1935)

Document 82: H. V. Harlan and M. L. Martini on the Loss of Genetic Diversity (1936)

Document 83: Lewis Mumford on Regional Planning (1938)

Document 84: John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath (1939)

Document 85: Marjory Stoneman Douglas on the Everglades (1947)

Document 86: Roger Tory Peterson on Bird Population (1948)

Document 87: Fairfield Osborn on the Relatedness of All Living Things (1948)

Document 88: Aldo Leopold's Land Ethic (1949)

Document 89: President's Materials Policy Commission on Economic Growth and Resource Policy (1952)

Document 90: Samuel H. Ordway, Jr., on Limits to Growth (1953)

Document 91: J. Robert Oppenheimer on the Use of Science (1953)

Document 93: Clean Air Act (1955)

Document 94: John Kenneth Galbraith Asks, "How Much Should a Country Consume?" (1958)

Document 95: David Brower Demands Support for the Wilderness Act (1959)

Part VI The Heyday of the Environmental Movement, 1960-1980

Document 96: The Surgeon General's Report on Environmental Health (1960)

Document 97: Lorus J. Milne and Margery Milne on the Balance of Nature (1960)

Document 98: Murray Bookchin on the Synthetic Environment (1962)

Document 99: Rachel Carson's Silent Spring (1962)

Document 100: Stewart L. Udall on the Land Ethic (1963)

Document 101: John F. Kennedy on the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963)

Document 102: Scenic Hudson Preservation Conference V. Federal Power Commission (1965)

Document 103: California Land Conservation Act (1965) and Article XXVIII of the California Constitution (1966)

Document 104: Kenneth E. Boulding on the Spaceship Economy (1966)

Document 105: Lynn White, Jr., on Western Religions and the Environmental Crisis (1966)

Document 106: Paul Ehrlich's The Population Bomb (1968)

Document 107: Garrett Hardin on Controlling Access to the Commons (1968)

Document 108: John Teal and Mildred Teal on the Productivity of the Salt Marsh (1969)

Document 109: Ian Mcharg on the Fitness of Ecosystems (1969)

Document 110: National Environmental Policy Act (1969)

Document 111: Richard Nixon on the Need For Environmental Regulation (1970)

Document 112: Clean Air Act Amendments (1970)

Document 113: Dennis Puleston on the Founding of the Environmental Defense Fund (1971)

Document 114: Barry Commoner on Nature, Man, and Technology (1971)

Document 115: Clean Water Act (1972)

Document 116: Christopher Stone Proposes Legal Rights for Natural Objects (1972)

Document 117: Sierra Club v. Morton (1972)

Document 118: Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environment (1972)

Document 119: Endangered Species Act (1973)

Document 120: Ernest Callenbach's Ecotopia (1975)

Document 121: Edward Abbey's the Monkey Wrench Gang (1975)

Document 122: Greenpeace on the Need for Radical Action (1976)

Part VII Confronting Economic and Social Realities, 1980-2000

Document 123: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (1980)

Document 124: Mark Sagoff on the Public Interest (1981)

Document 125: Lester R. Brown on Building a Sustainable Society (1981)

Document 126: Julian L. Simon on Population Growth (1981)

Document 127: Coastal Barrier Resources Act (1981)

Document 128: Arne Naess on Deep Ecology (1982, 1984)

Document 129: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1983)

Document 130: Bernard Cohen on Nuclear Energy and Risk Assessment (1983)

Document 131: Bob Graham on Restoring the Kissimmee River--Lake Okeechobee--Everglades Ecosystem (1983)

Document 132: Edward O. Wilson on the Need for Conservation and a Conservation Ethic (1984, 1998)

Document 134: United Nations Convention (1985) and Protocol (1987) on Ozone Depletion

Document 135: United Church of Christ Commission for Racial Justice on Toxic Waste and Race (1987)

Document 136: Dixy Lee Ray Asks, "Who Speaks for Science?" (1990)

Document 137: Roger Smith on Industry and the Environment (1990)

Document 138: California Air Resources Board Lowers Its Vehicle Emissions Standards (1990, 1996)

Document 139: John P. Holdren on Energy and Human Well-Being (1990)

Document 140: Barry Lopez on a Sense of Place (1990)

Document 141: Albert Gore on the Ecological Perspective (1992)

Document 142: United Nations Convention (1992) and Protocol (1997) on Climate Change

Document 143: Carl Safina on the Decline of Fishes (1995)

Document 144: Edward Tenner on Shifting Liability (1996)

Document 145: Jane Lubchenco on Environmental Issues for the Twenty-First Century (1997)

Document 146: Jeremy Rifkin on Biotechnology and the Environment (1998)

Appendix I: Landmarks in U.S. Environmental Legislation

Appendix II: Major International Agreements Relating to the Environment

Further Readings

About the Editors

Primary Documents in American History and Contemporary Issues

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