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often unjustly and narrow-mindedly regarded from only one aspect, that
is, as purely musical phenomena unapproachable by scholars from other
disciplines.


NOTES
1. Bryan Magee, Aspects of Wagner, rev. ed. ( Oxford: Oxford University Press,
1988), p. 14.
2. Wolfgang Schadewaldt, "Richard Wagner und die Griechen," in Richard
Wagner und das neue Bayreuth, ed. Wieland Wagner ( Munich: Paul List, 1962), pp.
149-74.
3. Othmar Fries, Richard Wagner und die deutsche Romantik: Versuch einer Einord-
nung ( Zurich: Atlantis, 1952).
4. Paul Arthur Loos, Richard Wagner: Vollendung und Tragik der deutschen Roman-
tik ( Munich: Leo Lehnen, 1952).
5. Dieter Borchmeyer, Das Theater Richard Wagners: Idee, Dichtung, Wirkung
( Stuttgart: Reclam, 1982).
6. See: Peter Wapnewski, Der traurige Gott: Richard Wagner in seinen Helden
( Munich: C.H. Beck, 1978; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 1982).
7. See, for example: Erwin Koppen, Dekadenter Wagnerismus. Studien zur
europäischen Literatur des Fin de siècle, Komparatistische Studien, vol. 2 ( Berlin and
New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1973).
8. Helmut Schanze, Drama im Bürgerlichen Realismus (1850-1890): Theorie und
Praxis, Studien zur Philosophie und Literatur des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, vol.
21 ( Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, 1973), pp. 145-48.
9. Schanze, pp. 56-59.
10. Fritz Martini, Deutsche Literatur im bürgerlichen Realismus 1848-1898, 4th ed.
( Stuttgart: Metzler, 1962, 1981), pp. 186-92.
11. Benno von Wiese, Die Deutsche Tragödie von Lessing bis Hebbel ( Hamburg:
Hoffmann und Campe, 1948; 6th ed., 1964), pp. 547-50.
12. For a close analysis of the second part of Oper und Drama and a more extensive
discussion of how the Ring exemplifies Wagner's theory of myth presented therein,
I direct the reader to my previous study: Mythology as Metaphor: Romantic Irony,
Critical Theory, and Wagner's Ring (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998).
13. On the historical drama in Germany, see: Friedrich Sengle, Das historische
Drama in Deutschland. Geschichte eines literarischen Mythos, 2d ed. ( Stuttgart: Metzler,
1969).
14. The following summary is based on: Stefan Kunze, Der Kunstbegriff Richard
Wagners: Voraussetzungen und Folgerungen (Regensburg: Gustav Bosse, 1983), pp.
65-78.
15. On Wagner's theory of myth, see: Anette Ingenhoff, Drama oder Epos? Richard
Wagners Gattungstheorie des musikalischen Dramas, Untersuchungen zur deutschen
Literaturgeschichte, vol. 41 ( Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1987), pp. 101-16 (here cited
from p. 104).
16. Jean-Jacques Nattiez, Wagner Androgyne, trans. Stewart Spencer ( Princeton,
NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993), pp. 91-96.
17. Nattiez, pp. 53-90.

-15-

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Publication Information: Book Title: Wagner's Ring and German Drama: Comparative Studies in Mythology and History in Drama. Contributors: Mary A. Cicora - author. Publisher: Greenwood Press. Place of Publication: Westport, CT. Publication Year: 1999. Page Number: 15.
    
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