and the new model restricted to isomorphism. The AUSJAL proposals for private higher education, together with the local, national, and global actors in the drive for sustainable development offer the opportunity to recreate Latin American universities. The challenge is to nurture within universities the capacity for discernment and wisdom, based on professionalism with a critical conscience. A social contract on education is urgently required that will permit all social forces to join in a pact to strengthen the educational continuum, and democratize, internationalize, and localize knowledge. This entails linking up private and public universities with their cultural roots, catering to the gender and environmental needs of their own people, and creating an alli- ance with international universities. Obviously some may consider this a utopian undertaking. However, as the late Octavio Paz succinctly put it, "utopia is rationality's dream." Perhaps a university utopia is required during this change of epoch -- as well as competent and visionary leadership with the creativity and values to make what is necessary also possible. The pioneering and experimental initiatives of AUSJAL and UCA-Managua show that university autonomy is indispensable to creating the new university community. Recalling Einstein again, "the world we have created today as a result of our think- ing thus far has problems which cannot be solved by thinking the way we thought when we created them." The search for the missing link between education and development is the beginning of the new way of thinking about the university. NOTES | 1. | Quoted in Schmidheiny 1992, 82. | | | | | 2. | In this chapter, I make no distinction in the use of South, Third World, and developing countries, although I recognize the ambiguity of the concepts. This chapter is written from the perspective of the small countries in the periphery, such as Central America and the Caribbean. | | | | | 3. | Forbes Magazine, July 1994 and July 1996. The nation with the highest rate of proliferation of billionaires between 1987 and 1994 was Mexico. After the Mexican financial crisis at the end of 1994 the highest rate of growth in the number of bil- lionaires was in Southeast Asia until the crisis of 1997. It is worth noting the corre- lation between the rapid growth in the number of billionaires in Mexico and South- east Asia and the financial crises in those places. | | | | | 4. | In the past 15 years the world has become increasingly polarized between the haves and have-nots. Economic growth has declined in 100 countries, repre- senting a total of over 2 billion people, to levels below that of 1980. While from 1965 to 1980, real income decreased for 200 million people, this figure has doubled five times between 1980 and 1993. In the last 30 years, while the overall income of the poorest populations of the world (some 20 percent) dropped from 2.3 to 1.4 percent the income of the wealthiest (some 20 percent) increased from 70 to 83 percent (UNDP 1996). The most recent human development report (UNDP 1998) | | | | -205- |