Informal Reasoning and Education

Table of contents

• Title Page i
• Contents iii
• Preface vii
• References xvi
• 1 - Contexts for Informal Reasoning 1
• References 14
• 2 - Informal Reasoning in the Medical Profession 17
• References 32
• 3 - Informal Reasoning and International Relations 37
• References 56
• 4 - Informal Reasoning in the Judicial System 59
• References 80
• 5 - Everyday Reasoning and the Roots of Intelligence 83
• References 104
• 6 - Informal Reasoning in Inner- City Children 107
• References 129
• 7 - Contexts of Informal Reasoning: Commentary 131
• References 150
• 11 - Modes and Models of Informal Reasoning 151
• References 168
• 9 - Beliefs About Thinking 169
• References 185
• 10 - Example-Based Reasoning 187
• References 208
• References 222
• 12 - Rhetoric and Informal Reasoning: Disentangling Some Confounded Effects in Good Reasoning and Good Writing 225
• References 246
• 13 - Intuitive Belief Systems and Informal Reasoning in Cognitive Development 247
• References 262
• 14 - I Win--You Lose: the Development of Argumentative Thinking 265
• References 289
• 15 - Modes and Models of Informal Reasoning: a Commentary 291
• References 308
• III - Informal Reasoning and Instruction *
• References 342
• 17 - Nonformal Reasoning in Experts and in Science Students: The Use of Analogies, Extreme Cases, and Physical Intuition 345
• References 361
• 18 - Informal Reasoning in High School History 363
• References 378
• 19 - Higher Order Thinking in the Teaching of Social Studies: Connections Between Theory and Practice 381
• References 398
• 20 - Informal Reasoning and Writing Instruction 401
• References 413
• 21 - Structured Teaching for Critical Thinking and Reasoning in Standard Subject Area Instruction 415
• References 441
• Appendix A 443
• Appendix B 447
• Appendix C 449
• 22 - Informal Reasoning Assessment: Using Verbal Reports of Thinking to Improve Multiple-Choice Test Validity 451
• References 471
• 23 - Informal Reasoning and Instruction: A Commentary 473
• References 483
• Author Index 485
• Subject Index 495

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