A 1991 SUNY-Geneseo Presidential Summer Fellowship facilitated my trip to China that year. A grant from Woodrow Wilson Center's Cold War History Project contributed to another trip to China in 1992. The Sponsored Research Office at SUNY-Geneseo, headed by Dr. Douglas Harke, provided several grants to cover research expenses related to this study. In Spring 1993, a Norwegian Nobel Institute fellowship not only released me from teaching and allowed me to devote several months to the revision of the manuscript but also, and more important, offered me a scholarly home replete of friendship and intellectual inspiration. My thanks go to Inger-guri Flögstad, Torill Johansen, Elisabeth Karesen, Anne Kjelling, Sigrid Langebrekke, and Arne Storheim.

A large portion of chapter 2 was published in the Summer 1993 issue of Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, and part of chapter 4 appeared in the March 1993 China Quarterly. Both journals have graciously offered permission for me to reuse the published parts in this book. For both, I am very grateful.

The editors at Columbia University Press deserve great credit for their assistance in improving the original manuscript. In particular I would like to thank Kate Wittenberg for her encouragement at different stages of this project and Leslie Bialler for his skillful copyediting.

I would also like to thank Raymond Mayo of Computing and Media Services at SUNY-Geneseo for preparing the maps.

The greatest debt I owe to my father. In addition to his love and constant concerns for his only son's health, he devoted much of his after-retirement time to helping his son collect Chinese source materials. By now, even many of my Chinese colleagues are surprised by his knowledge of books and journal articles about China and the Korean War. I therefore dedicate the book to my father and the memory of my mother.

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