Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Launius, Roger D. Frontiers of space exploration / Roger D. Launius. p. cm.—(Greenwood Press guides to historic events of the twentieth century, ISSN 1092–177X) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–313–29968–4 (alk. paper) 1. Outer space—Exploration. 2. Astronautics—International cooperation. I. Title. II. Series. QB500.262.L38 1998 629.45—dc21 97–34788 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 1998 by Roger D. Launius All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 97–34788 ISBN: 0-313-29968-4 ISSN: 1092–177X First published in 1998 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Front cover photo: Apollo 14, Saturn V space vehicle lifting off to the moon, January 1971. (NASA photo number 71-H-221) Back cover photo: The Hubble Space Telescope, launched in 1990 and repaired in 1993. (NASA photo number 94-H-16) -iv- |