| Acknowledgements | vii |
| Notes on Contributors | ix |
| Part I Exploring the Western History of Women and Credit |
| 1 | Introduction. Women, Credit and the Creation of Opportunity: A Historical Overview Beverly Lemire | 3 |
| 2 | Women's Economic Spheres and Credit in Pre-industrial Europe Laurence Fontaine | 15 |
| 3 | Petty Debts and Family Networks: The Credit Markets of Widows and Wives in Eighteenth-Century Amsterdam Anne E. C. McCants | 33 |
| 4 | Lending Women, Borrowing Women: Middle-Class Women, Investments and Credit in Northern France in the Nineteenth Century Beatrice Craig | 51 |
| Part II Bridging Past and Present |
| 5 | Women and Micro-credit in History: Gender in the Irish Loan Funds Aidan Hollis | 73 |
| 6 | Stokvels and Economic Empowerment: The Case of African Women in South Africa, c. 1930–1998 Grietjie Verhoef | 91 |
| Part III Pioneering Projects |
| 7 | Women, Institutional Roles and Economic Opportunity Mary Houghton | 117 |