Copyright © 1999 by Clifford E. Trafzer ∞ + ⃝ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R 1997) (Permanence of Paper). Michigan State University Press East Lansing, Michigan 48823-5202 03 02 01 00 99 1 2 3 4 5 6 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Trafzer, Clifford E. Exterminate them: written accounts of the murder, rape, and slavery of Native Americans during the California gold rush, 1848-1868 / by Clifford E. Trafzer and Joel R. Hyer. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-87013-501-5 1. Indians, Treatment of-- California--History. 2. Indians, Treatment of-- California--History--Sources. 3. Indians of North America--Crimes against-- California. 4. California--Gold discoveries--Social aspects. I. Hyer, Joel R. II. Title. E78.C15175 1999 98-51988 323.1′1970794′09034--dc21 CIP Cover design by Heidi Dailey Book design by Michael J. Brooks Visit Michigan State University Press on the World-Wide Web http://www.msu.edu/unit/msupress -iv- |