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transfer any right. 7. Words of the future, it there be
some other tokens to signify the will, are valid in
the translation of right. 8. In matters of free gift,
our right passeth not from us through any words of
the future. 9. The definition of contract and com-
pact. 10. In compacts, our right passeth from us
through words of the future. 11. Compacts of mu-
tual faith in the state of nature are of no effect and
vain; but not so in civil government. 12. That no
man can make compacts with beasts, nor yet with
God without revelation. 13. Nor yet make a vow to
God. 14. That compacts oblige not beyond our ut-
most endeavor. 15. By what means we arc freed
from our compacts. 16. That promises extorted
through fear of death, in the state of nature, are
valid. 17. A later compact, contradicting the former,
is invalid. 18. A compact not to resist him that shall
prejudice my body is invalid. 19. A compact to ac-
cuse one's self is invalid. 20. The definition of swear-
ing. 21. That swearing is to be conceived in that
form which he useth that takes the oath. 22. An oath
superadds nothing to the obligation which is made
by compact. 23. An oath ought not to be pressed,
but where the breach of compacts may be kept pri-
vate, or cannot be punished but from God himself.
III. OF THE OTHER LAWS OF NATURE 43
1. The second law of nature is to perform contracts.
2. That trust is to be held with all men without
exception. 3. What injury is. 4. Injury can be done
to none but those with whom we contract. 5. The
distinction of justice into that of men, and that of
actions. 6. The distinction of commutative and dis-
tributive justice examined. 7. No injury can be done
to him that is willing. 8. The third law of nature,
concerning ingratitude. 9. The fourth law of nature,
that every man render himself useful. 10. The fifth
law, of mercy. 11. The sixth law, that punishments
regard the future only. 12. The seventh law, against
reproach. 13. The eighth law, against pride. 14. The
ninth law, of humility. 15. The tenth, of equity,
or against acceptance of persons. 16. The eleventh,
of things to be had in common. 17. The twelfth, of

-vi-

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Publication Information: Book Title: De Cive; Or, the Citizen. Contributors: Thomas Hobbes - author, Sterling P. Lamprecht - editor. Publisher: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1949. Page Number: vi.
    
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