separately on the Continent during Mary's reign or directly after-
wards in England. Other writings of the martyrs and many tracts,
sermons, reports and treatises by returned exiles and other sur-
vivors of the Marian persecution were put into print after Eliza-
beth's accession. Additional information concerning the martyrs
and their associates is to be found in Foxe's notes and manuscripts
which, after passing through the hands of John Strype, are now
preserved in the British Museum. Much material from all these
sources was incorporated by Strype in his voluminous and rather
ill-ordered compilations relating to the English Reformation.
Many of the writings of the martyrs, exiles and other reformers
drawn from Foxe and other sources were reprinted in the nine-
teenth century in the publications of the Parker Society.

I am much indebted throughout these pages to J. F. Mozley's
informing and judicious account of Foxe's career and accomplish-
ment in his John Foxe and his Book ( 1940). Other recent works
dealing with the martyrs and their contemporaries which I have
found particularly useful are as follows: A. J. Muller, Stephen
Gardiner and the Tudor Reaction ( 1926); A. G. Chester, Hugh
Latimer ( 1954); J. G. Ridley, Nicholas Ridley ( 1957); W. T. Davies,
Bibliography of John Bale ( Oxford Bibliographical Society, 1940);
Philip Hughes, Reformation in England ( 1950-4), especially vol. II;
and, disregarding its obvious bias, C. H. Garrett, The Marian
Exiles ( 1938). I regret that V. J. K. Brook Life of Archbishop
Parker ( 1962) and Jasper Ridley Thomas Cranmer ( 1962) reached
me too late for me to make use of them.

A preliminary essay on the subject of the present book appeared
in The Seventeenth Century, a volume of essays by various writers
published in 1951 in honour of Richard Foster Jones. The sub-
stance of certain chapters was presented at Cornell University in
1961 as the Messenger Lectures on the Evolution of Civilization.
In 1962, while preparing the book for publication, I had the
privilege of serving as the Visiting Research Scholar of the William
Andrews Clark Memorial Library of the University of California
at Los Angeles. For the leisure which has made my studies possible,
I am deeply indebted to the Folger Shakespeare Library and the

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