Oxford University Press Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota Bombay Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madras Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi Paris Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 1998 by Robert R. Bowie and Richard H. Immerman Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bowie, Robert R. ( Robert Richardson), 1909- Waging peace: How Eisenhower shaped an enduring cold war strategy/ p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-19-506264-7 1. United States--Foreign relations--1953-1961. 2. Eisenhower, Dwight D. ( Dwight David), 1890-1969. 3. United States--Foreign relations--Communist countries. 4. Communist countries--Foreign relations--United States. 5. National security--United States-- History--20th century. I. Immerman, Richard H. II. Title. E835.B66 1997 327.73--dc21 97-8447 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper -iv- |