Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota Bombay Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madras Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi Paris Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a trade mark of Oxford University Press Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Keith Laidler, 1998 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press. Within the UK, exceptions are allowed in respect of any fair dealing for the purpose of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms in other countries should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Laidler, Keith James, 1916-- To light such a candle : chapters in the history of science and technology / by Keith J. Laidler. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Science--History. 2. Technology--History. 3. Discoveries in science--History. 4. Scientists--Biography. 5. Engineers-- Biography. I. Title. Q125.L25 1997 609-dc2l 97-24690 ISBN 0 19 850056 4 Typeset by EXPO Holdings, Malaysia Printed in Great Britain by Bookcraft (Berth) Ltd Midsomer Norton, Avon -iv- |