Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Smoller Fredric T. The six o'clock presidency: a theory of presidential press relations in the age of television / Fredric T. Smoller. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-275-93598-1 (alk. paper) 1. Television broadcasting of news -- United States. 2. Presidents in the press -- United States -- History -- 20th century. 3. Presidents -- United States -- Press conferences. 4. Television and politics -- United States -- History -- 20th century. I. Title. PN4888.T4S68 1990 070. 1'95 -- dc20 90-31180 Copyright © 1990 by Fredric T. Smoller All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 90-31180 ISBN: 0-275-93598-1 First published in 1990 Praeger Publishers, One Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10010 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. Printed in the United States of America ∞+⃝ The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48-1984). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 -iv- |