This publication was assisted by a grant from the Trustees of Boston College. Portions of Chapters 1 and 2 first appeared as "The Folie Tristan d'Oxford: Speaking Voice, Written Text," Tristania 7 (Autumn 1981-Spring 1982): 47-59 and "The Representation of the Lovers' Death: Thomas' Tristan as Open Text," Tristania 9 (Autumn 1983 - Spring 1984): 49-61. Reprinted by permission. A portion of Chapter 5 first appeared as "Strategies of Naming in Marie de France's Lais: At the Crossroads of Genre and Gender," Neophilologus 75 ( 1991): 31-40. Reprinted by permission. Copyright © 1993 by the University of Pennsylvania Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bruckner Matilda Tomaryn. Shaping romance: interpretation, truth, and closure in twelfth-century French fictions / Matilda Tomaryn Bruckner. p. cm. -- (Middle Ages series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8122-3169-4 1. French poetry -- To 1500 -- History and criticism. 2. Tristan (Legendary charac- ter) -- Romances -- History and criticism. 3. Narrative poetry, French -- History and criticism. 4. Romances -- History and criticism. 5. Fictions, Theory of 6. Rhetoric, Medieval. 7. Closure (Rhetoric). I. Title. II. Series. PQ178.B78 1993 841'.030901 -- dc20 93-2069 CIP -iv- |