Copyright © 1992 by Howard Beeth and Cary D. Wintz Manufactured in the United States of America All rights reserved First edition The paper used in this book meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48-1984. Binding materials have been chosen for durability.∞ + ⃝; Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Black Dixie : Afro-Texan history and culture in Houston / edited by Howard Beeth and Cary D. Wintz. - 1st ed. p. cm. - (Centennial series of the Association of Former Students, Texas A&M University ; no. 41) ISBN 0-89096-494-7 (alk. paper) 1. Afro-Americans - Texas - Houston - History. 2. Houston ( Tex.) - History. I. Beeth, Howard. II. Wintz, Cary D., 1943- . III. Series. F394.H89N418 1992 976.4'235-dc20 91-39257 CIP -iv- |