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NOTES

Chapter 1
1. See Rogers, Dial 38 and 40. Paul Conkin is the exception. See his Puritans and
Pragmatists.
2. See Levinson, "Santayana's Contribution to American Religious Philosophy", "Re-
ligious Criticism", "Santayana and the Possibility of Secular Spirituality", "Meditation at
the Margins: Santayana's Scepticism and Animal Faith", "Santayana's Pragmatism and the
Comic Sense of Life", and "Santayana and the Many Faces of Realism".
3. James was on Santayana's side of this fence--hence, paradigmatically, his defini-
tion of religion as "the feelings, acts, and experiences of individual men in their solitude, so
far as they apprehend themselves to stand in relation to whatever they consider the divine"
( VRE, 34). But James, too, was belittled by later pragmatists, as needlessly concerned
with solitude, which they tended to picture as either pathological or misanthropic.
4. Dewey, "The Need for a Recovery of Philosophy", p. 69.
5. Once again, James was closer to Santayana in this regard than later pragmatists.
See his "On a Certain Blindness in Human Beings", in TT. Indeed, I will try to show in
chapter 6 that Santayana posits principles very close to James's "Certain Blindness"
doctrine when he turns to "festive criticism."
6. The quote is from Perry's review of Santayana's Character and Opinion in the United
States, Dial ( May 1921): 578, but is an early rendition of a charge repeated many times
by various other pragmatists.
7. Dewey, Art as Experience, p. 195.
8. But compare LR, 2:121, where justice to all extant interests constitutes good
government.
9. Clebsch, American Religious Thought, p. 89.
10. James, "Introduction to The Literary Remains of the Late Henry James", p. 63. Also
see Levinson, The Religious Investigations of William James.
11. Dewey, Art as Experience, p. 348. For further exploration of the Reformed
Christian backdrop for understanding pragmatism, Dewey, and Santayana, see Levinson
, "Religious Philosophy".

-305-

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Publication Information: Book Title: Santayana, Pragmatism and the Spiritual Life. Contributors: Henry Samuel Levinson - author. Publisher: University of North Carolina Press. Place of Publication: Chapel Hill, NC. Publication Year: 1992. Page Number: 305.
    
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