every portion of it however minute, had a double
aspect, subjective and objective, was at once a mode
of consciousness and an existing thing; but that
these opposite aspects of a phenomenon applied to
the whole of it, and were not elements constituting
it by their combination. It was farther maintained
that every phenomenon had, besides this, at least
two such constitutive elements, metaphysical, and
logically discernible in it, but not empirically separ-
able from each other; the inseparable union of which
constituted an empirical or complete phenomenon;
which phenomenon then had, as a whole, the two
aspects just mentioned, so that the same two kinds
of constitutive, metaphysical, elements could be dis-
cerned alike in either aspect. These elements were
of two kinds, Time and Space the formal, and Feel-
ing the material, element; time, or time and space
together, entering into all phenomena whatever,
along with some mode or modes of feeling; which
latter were however indefinitely numerous, so that
the formal element, being of two kinds only, served
as the common link or bond between them all. Me-
taphysic in its strict sense, it was said, was the
theory of the formal element in consciousness, of the
general modes of its combination with the material
element, and of its function in supporting redinte-
grations or series of perceptions, if spontaneously oc-
curring, and in guiding them if voluntary or under-
taken for a foreseen purpose. Accordingly the second
part of "Time and Space" contained a view of Formal
Logic and its laws, and of the further functions of
the formal element in the processes of Reflection and
the formation of Ideas.

2. The present work is intended to deal with the

-4-