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deed usually left undistinguished from them. Thus
Hume, following his psychological theory and using
his Lockian terminology, says, "Ideas are the causes
of Passions." Kant however in my opinion saw more
clearly when he defined passion by desire in his An-
thropologie, Part i. Book ii. § 59 et seq. Passion is
the sense of effort or tension, arising in an emotion,
and carried up into a desire or volition; the sense of
effort must have some distinct content of its own,
and this is furnished by the emotion in which it
arises; it is a desire or volition to attain to a greater
degree of that emotion when it is pleasureable, and
to a less degree of it when it is painful. The pas-
sion proper to each emotion is accordingly not desire
for any object indifferently which may happen to be
combined with or included in the representational
framework of the emotion, but desire for the increase
or decrease of the emotion itself as a whole. The
cognitional modification of the framework, corres-
ponding to the passion which is an emotional modi-
fication, is the perception of a discrepancy between
an old and a new image of the same kind, or between
a present state and a pleasanter future state; and the
kind of the pleasure is given by the emotion in which
the passion arises.

§ 28.
Passions
belonging to
both groups.

2. Keeping hold of the definitions of the different
emotions as they have now been given, which point
them out as steps in a series, each defined by the
addition of some trait in its representational frame-
work to the framework of the previous emotion, it
will now be found that the passions, which have
also a framework of their own, a modification of the
framework of the previous emotion, form the tran-
sitions from one step to another, the genesis of each

-203-

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Publication Information: Book Title: The Theory of Practice: An Ethical Enquiry in Two Books. Volume: 1. Contributors: Shadworth H. Hodgson - author. Publisher: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer. Place of Publication: London. Publication Year: 1870. Page Number: 203.
    
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