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Virus particles are too small to view with the light microscope. They
are studied by conventional bacteriological techniques and by many
complex physical techniques including electron microscopy, ultra-
centrifugation, tracer analysis, and electrophoresis. A clearer under-
standing of the mode of action of viruses in general, and especially
bacteriophages, has expanded knowledge of the cell surface, of the
relationship of nucleic acids to metabolism, and most dramatically, of
genetics.
REFERENCES
Viruses are responsible for serious diseases of man, plants, and animals.
They have received much attention and are discussed in great detail in many
books. Especially recommended for further reading are:
1. Smith K. M., and M. A. Lauffer, ed., Advances in Virus Research ( New
York: Academic Press, Inc.). This appears annually; the first volume is
dated 1953. Each volume contains at least one chapter which should be
of interest to most biophysics students.
2. Pollard E. C., The Physics of Viruses ( New York: Academic Press, Inc.,
1953).
3. Wolstenholme G. E. W., and Elaine C. P. Millar, eds., CIBA Foundation
Symposium of the Nature of Viruses ( Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown &
Company, 1957).

References 4 and 5 discuss Benzer's work on the genetic fine structure of
the T4 E. coliphage which was reviewed in Section 5 of this chapter.

4. Benzer Seymour, "The Elementary Units of Heredity," A Symposium on
the Chemical Basis of Heredity, McElroy, W. D., and Bentley Glass, eds.
( Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1957) pp. 70-93.
5. Lennox E. S., "Genetic Fine-Structure Analysis," Rev. Mod. Phys. 31:
242-248 ( Jan. 1959).

-261-

Questia, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning. www.questia.com

Publication Information: Book Title: Biophysical Science. Contributors: Eugene Ackerman - author. Publisher: Prentice-Hall. Place of Publication: Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Publication Year: 1962. Page Number: 261.
    
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