and indeed he follows closely in Freud's footsteps in insist-
ing that the analyst must constantly maintain an empathic
approach to the homosexualities and the other sexual de-
viations, without either imposing on his patients his own
moral standpoint or attempting to "normalize" the sexuality
of his analysands.

This standpoint leads Dr Stubrin to proclaim: "I do
not believe that a person whose sexuality is not common is
necessarily ill.... Among the so-called sexual deviants, we
will, indeed, find persons who are psychologically healthy
and others who are not."

The author indicates clearly that the same could be
said of the so-called "normal" heterosexuals. He criticizes a
certain tendency in psychoanalytic theory to assign sexual
deviations to the field of mental illness or degenerative
tendencies, and he points out emphatically that such an
attitude is contrary to the psychoanalytic ideal, which aims
uniquely at trying to understand and thus, in turn, to help
each patient to understand and find his or her individual
truth.

Dr Stubrin then points out the difficulty in defining what
"normality" means. Which sexual fantasies, thoughts, acts,
and choices are to be deemed normal? Whose norms are to
be taken as the touchstone of truth? From there, Dr Stubrin
gives careful reflection to the many varieties of sexual
expression, as well as to the many different forms that
homosexuality may take. He also pays particular attention
to the psychic structure of fetishism and leads us to see that
this particular deviation includes many widely different
types of personality and psychic structure.

His way of regarding the different deviant sexualities
such as voyeurism, exhibitionism, and sadomasochism
(which usually have a heterosexual aim) shows that he
follows Freud in making the pertinent distinction between
the homosexualities (which Freud called "inversion") and
the other deviant sexualities (which he referred to as "per-
version").

In pursuing his subject further, Dr Stubrin chooses
enlightening clinical illustrations. For example, in chapter

-xii-