TRUE inference always contains an element of mediation. It is the process of grounding a judgment upon some other judgment essentially related to it, and which stands as the warrant of its truth. The reference of a judgment to an. other judgment as its ground implies a knowledge of a third judgment which expresses a universal and necessary connection between the two. The complete process of me- diate inference, therefore, consists in exhibiting a judgment as the necessary result of the combination of two other judgments. Thus, the judgment that a certain heap of black sand is magnetic is justified when referred to its ground, namely, that it attracts iron filings. To complete the process, however, a third judgment is necessary, which shall express the constant bond of connection between the given judgment and its alleged ground, such as the judg- ment that whatever attracts iron is magnetic.This form which mediate inference naturally takes is the syllogism, which is a process of combining two judgments so as to produce a third. The above judgments expressed in syllogistic form would be: --
Whatever attracts iron is a magnet.
This black sand attracts iron.
∴This black sand is a magnet.
It will be observed that the two judgments which combine to produce the third have a term in common. This is the middle term of the syllogism. Moreover, the third judg- ment is formed by eliminating middle term and taking
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Publication Information: Book Title: Logic, Deductive and Inductive. Contributors: John Grier Hibben - author. Publisher: Charles Scribner's Sons. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1905. Page Number: 122.
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