Oxford University Press Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogotá Bombay Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madras Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi Paris Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 1996 by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sacred trust : the medieval church as an economic firm / Robert B. Ekelund, Jr. . . . [et al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-510337-8 1. Economics--Religious aspects--Catholic Church. 2. Church history--Middle Ages, 600-1500. 3. Catholic Church--Europe-- History. 4. Europe--Church history--600-1500. I. Ekelund, Robert B. (Robert Burton), 1940- BX1795.E27S33 1996 330.94′01--dc20 96-20830 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper -iv- |