| | trancelike state. Her first thought is for Romeo, as she addresses her "comfort- able" Friar. But he proves to be something less than comfortable after all, pointing to the bodies of both Romeo and Paris and urging her to flee with him. She re- fuses. Once again, and for the last time, she shows her independent spirit and her integrity, expressed in devotion to her husband, whom she is determined to join in death. The cup emptied of poison and Romeo's lips providing no "restorative," she resorts to his dagger. Compared with Romeo's suicide, Juliet's is much briefer, necessarily so in dra- matic terms. But dramatic necessity aside, with her faith in the Friar shattered, her unquestioning choice of death makes a fitting end for her, as Granville-Barker says. "In the unreflecting haste of it all lies her peculiar tragedy," he concludes. "One day a child, and the next a woman!" 36 But as we have seen, her transforma- tion has not been quite that sudden; her maturity has developed over the course of events, much as Romeo's has, though not quite in the same way. Whether he or she emerges as the principal protagonist is immaterial, as Shakespeare knew when he named his tragedy. Both are tragic figures, and both heroic. NOTES | 1. | Franklin M. Dickey, Not Wisely but Too Well ( San Marino: Huntington Library, 1957), pp. 66, 74. Cp. Maynard Mack, Everybody's Shakespeare ( Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1993), p. 69, and Rosalie L. Colie, Shakespeare's Living Art ( Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1974), p. 136. | | | | | 2. | See Colie, Shakespeare's Living Art, pp. 135-46, and cp. H. B. Charlton, Shake- spearian Tragedy ( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1948), pp. 49-61. | | | | | 3. | On Juliet's relationships with her mother and father, see Irene G. Dash, Wooing, Wed- ding, and Power: Women in Shakespeare's Plays ( New York: Columbia University Press, 1981), pp. 69-75, 90-92. | | | | | 4. | As You Like It 1.1.114-19. See Jay L. Halio, "'No Clock in the Forest': Time in As You Like It," SEL (Studies in English Literature), 2 ( 1962): 197-207, for more on this sub- ject and its relation to the representatives of a younger generation. | | | | | 5. | See Harley Granville-Barker, Prefaces to Shakespeare, 4 vols. ( 1930; rpt. London: Batsford, 1963), vol. 4, p. 80, on Capulet's inconsistencies and the distortions of his char- acter in modern productions. | | | | | 6. | See, for example, G. B.Evans, ed., New Cambridge Shakespeare ( Cambridge: Cam- bridge University Press, 1984), p.24. | | | | | 7. | Ibid., pp. 23-24. Evans concludes: "Even the Friar, as spectator, would have violated the privacy of her union with Romeo and death." Cp. Dash, Wooing, p.96, who considers the Friar directly responsible for Juliet's suicide, when "no restraining hand present and abandoned by the Friar, she believes herself without an alternative." Of course, the Friar has presented the alternative of disposing her "Among a sisterhood of holy nuns" (5.3.157), but Juliet instantly rejects his offer. | | | | | 8. | Harold Goddard, The Meaning of Shakespeare ( Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951), p.120. He compares the Nurse to the devil in a morality play. Cp. Granville- Barker , Prefaces, vol. 4, pp. 77-79. | | | | | 9. | Goddard, Meaning of Shakespeare, p. 121. | | | | -43- | |