NEXT in importance to complete jurisdiction over the
entire urban area are adequate powers for the city govern-
ment and a well-organized administrative system for
carrying those powers into effect. Let us examine Tokyo
with reference to this subject. Let us get at the heart
of the matter by putting two questions: "Does the city
government have independent powers equal to its responsi-
bilities? Are the organs of government operating within
the city limits constructed and co-ordinated in such a way
as to secure united planning and action in discharging
the functions of the city?" As structure and function are
always closely related, so these two questions have a vital
connection with each other and should be considered as a
part of a common problem.

The first of the above questions calls for no extended
treatment; it is readily answered. The government of
Tokyo is the creature of the Imperial Government. Un-
like some American cities, Tokyo is not older than the
nation and does not possess many historic traditions of

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