With press accreditation and inspired us by his boundless energy, while
Suzanne Mueller freely discussed recent political developments. Paul
Muite, Robert Shaw, Raila Odinga and Njenga Mungai of FORD-Kenya
took time from their hectic campaign schedule to brief us on events and
their hopes for Kenya's future, while FORD-Asili's legal adviser, Gibson
Kamau Kuria, discussed the development of the campaign for multi-party
democracy and enabled David Throup to consult the legal affidavits
prepared by those FORD-Asili candidates who were prevented from
presenting their nomination papers. Frank Holmquist, Michael Ford and
Nelson Kasfir provided us with a valuable link to the American observer
missions, while Michael Holman and Julian Ozanne of The Financial Times
shared information and travel expenses. As always, the people of Kenya
were eager to explain the details of their country's politics to two interested
foreigners.

Charles Hornsby would like to acknowledge the staff of Kenya Shell
Ltd, for their insights into local political and economic issues; Wouter de
Vries and Hetty ter Haar for volunteering their house, their friendship and
their time during 1992 and 1993, and for providing innumerable videos of
Kenyan television campaign coverage. John Lonsdale, as ever, maintained
a close interest in all stages of this work, inspiring by his example as well
as providing continuous encouragement. Mike and Kathy Kirkwood have
proved wonderfully efficient copy-editors, even if text and graphics have
had to wend their way from London to Accra, back to London, on to St.
Vincent and then back to Cumbria. We would like to acknowledge the
invaluable role played by first, Gill Allen, and then, John Wright, in
providing technical advice and support.

Many of the ideas and conclusions in this book have been presented at
various academic meetings, including the SOAS Conference on Democ-
racy in Africa in March 1992; the African Studies Association of the United
Kingdom meeting at Stirling University in September 1992; the South-
East Regional Seminar on African Studies at Charlottesville, Virginia, in
October 1992; Keele University in February 1993; the African Studies
Centre at Cambridge in February 1993; the three day meeting on the
Kenyan Elections, organised at Hampshire College, Massachusetts, by Frank
Holmquist and Michael Ford, in August 1993; and the African Studies
Association meeting in Boston in November 1993. Much of the drafting of
the first chapters was completed at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-
American and African Studies at the University of Virginia. David Throup
would like to thank the late Armstead Robinson and Joseph G. Miller and
the staff of the Institute for their support and encouragement.

Finally, we owe a debt of gratitude to our families and friends. Charles
would particularly like to thank his mother and father, Peter and Jennifer
Hornsby, who as ever, provided security and practical advice; the manage-
ment of Shell, for their understanding both in London and Kenya; Preeti
Mehta, for her support and endurance through the long nights of writing
this book; and Gifty Annang, for being who she is. For his part, David
would like to thank the old Banda gang, who first introduced him to the
wonders of Kenya in 1976-76; Shalini Sharma who was always willing to
discuss the politics of her homeland; and Sabhita Raju, who attempted to

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