THE Papacy as a working institution; new documents available for its study. The two sides of its history contrasted. (1) Its civilizing influence; (2) the growth of bitter feeling against it. The English 'No Popery' view, not merely due to the Reforma- tion, though the Reformation does have its roots deep in the past; the causes were at work as early as 1250, along with very opposite influences.The subject of the lectures therefore is, The good and evil of the connexion of England with Rome, especially in the middle of the thirteenth century.LECTURE I. The effects of this connexion upon the English Church, as shown in --
1.
The Legatine constitutions of 1237, and their most impor- tant articles. Comparison of these with the long series of English canons, the affiliation of these latter and the general evidence which they supply.
2.
The Gemma Ecclesiastica, its limitations and its general character; its thaumaturgy shows that the Church did not create but did control superstition; the abuses, ignorance, slackness, and immorality among the clergy; the influence of Papal central power.
3.
Grosseteste's letters, as confirmatory evidence; also his own constitutions.
4.
In the Burton Annals, the Coventry visitation gives the same picture. The Berkshire rectors' protest examined; very outspoken, but containing no attack on the Papal plenitudo potestatis.
5.
The commentary of John Athon, later in date but may be used; his criticisms on the English clergy; his acceptance of the Pope's supremacy and judicial and dispensing powers.
6.
The Papal Register: its historical value as authentic, con- temporary, genuine, careful, and representative. It shows (a) the ordinary administration of the Papacy, and the effect of its central decisions; the good and evil of Rome's influence; the monasteries as needing the help of Rome and the control by Rome. The evidence from the Bulls issued to Grosseteste. (b) The abnormal features under Innocent IV, pluralities, &c. (c) The normal administration turned to partisan purposes.
7.
The Papacy as an appeal court; the causes of its develop- ment, (i) especially in England; (ii) appeals a gravamine; (iii) a choice between anarchy and centralization; (iv) it did not imply foreign judges; (v) the resort to Rome for advice; (vi) the Pope as iudex ordinarius. The prejudices about canon law apply to its later stages; the ideal aimed at in the system was a kingdom of God on earth. Can such a system be entrusted to ordinary men? Can religion be made a system, without detriment to it?
8.
The confessional; Innocent III's rule of confession; its later results, to make obedience the one virtue, to make a tariff of penances, to centre the aims of the Church on clerical domina- tion, to develop casuistry. Yet the objects of the rule had been noble, and its first effects good, including further centralization.
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Publication Information: Book Title: Church and State in the Middle Ages: The Ford Lectures Delivered at Oxford in 1905. Contributors: A. L. Smith - author. Publisher: Clarendon. Place of Publication: Oxford. Publication Year: 1913. Page Number: *.
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