A NEW edition of this startlingly fresh and
original inquiry gives those of us who are becoming
interested in the non-verbal aspects of human
communication -- the new science of kinesics --
a very special opportunity to protect our own
capacity to see and judge afresh. Darwin ap-
proached the subject of expression of the emotions
with all the force of a powerful imagination deal-
ing with a new field. His list of ways in which the
subject might be studied has not been improved
upon and indeed has hardly yet been attempted:
(1) the study of infants, (2) the study of the
insane, (3) the use of photographs of emotional
expression submitted to different judges, (4) the
study of great paintings and sculpture, (5) the
comparative study of expression and gesture among
the different peoples of the earth, (6) the study of
some of the commoner animals. (Only one modern
method -- projective tests -- is missing.) Here too,
the sense of scope, of open avenues down which
the investigator may move quickly and freely is
all there to speed us on our way. Although many of
his suggested hypotheses, such as the serviceability
of habit, would today be replaced by quite different
theoretical formulations based on modern genetics,
still, he has posed problems which have as yet no
answer, such as what possible expressive function
does the dog's fawning have except that it is the
opposite of an expression of pugnacity which can
be seen as direct and functional -- the bared teeth,
arched back, etc. of an appropriate fighting stance.
In this and in other similar questions it is clear

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