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the verse of the troubadours, he made verse of his own; the essen-
tial difference was that the former was courtly and artistic, the
latter popular and rough. The view of René's castle is from the
fair-ground of Beaucaire referred to in the next chapter.
6. P. 7.--It should be remembered that there is considerable
Provençal literature besides the poems of the troubadours. No. 294
and No. 273 give a sketch of it. The fullest treatment is No. 363.
7. P. 9.--Savaric or Savary de Mauleon was one of the most
powerful barons of Poitou, and his deeds are historic. He was
born about 1180. In 1199 his father, Rao (u) 1, and in 1213 his uncle
died, so that Savaric came into possession of the whole family
estate. This he increased by marriage. Besides owning several
castles he had maritime fortresses, harbors, and a fleet, and was
even more powerful on sea than on land. Indeed he was some-
times called a pirate, which according to the usage of those times
meant only a baron-at-sea. He first appears prominently in his-
tory in 1202 as a partisan of Prince Arthur against King John. In
the changeful politics of a time when every man fought for his
own hand he was naturally first on one side and then on the other.
He is thus characterized by a writer in No. 23 ( LII., p. 140): "A
finished type of the féudal lord at the beginning of the XIII.
century." "A violent and rapacious man, an unscrupulous adven-
turer by sea and land, seeking only his own interest and never
hesitating to break his word when his interests demanded. . . .
In a word, he is a man without morality, but a forceful warrior
and even a delicate poet." He died July 29, 1233 (Ledain).

The pleasanter side of his character is emphasized in the Pro-
vençal biography (No. 110 ). "A fair knight was he, and courtly,
and accomplished (enseingnatz), and generous beyond all the gen-
erous. No man in the world took such delight in liberality and
gallantry and love and jousts and singing and social conversation
(solatz) and poetry and courtly life and in spending. And more
than any other knight he was the true friend of ladies and lovers,
and wishful of seeing good men and of pleasuring them. And
he was the best warrior that ever was in the world. Sometimes he
prospered in war and sometimes he fared ill. And all the wars he
had were with the king of France and his people [an error]. And
of his good deeds a great book might be made by him that would
write it, for he was one that had within him more condescension
and mercy and true-heartedness and that did more good deeds

-408-

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Publication Information: Book Title: The Troubadours at Home: Their Lives and Personalities, Their Songs and Their World. Volume: 1. Contributors: Justin H. Smith - author. Publisher: G.P. Putnam's Sons. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1899. Page Number: 408.
    
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