phy, seems to have attempted about 1647 to resume the
office of tutor to the prince, which he had held while the
prince was in England, but found him indolent in his
studies. Whether another tutor, Thomas Hobbes ( 1588-
1679), the famous philosopher, who was engaged at the
same time to teach Charles mathematics, was more success-
ful is unknown. Although in 1651, after presenting a man-
uscript copy of his Leviathan to the prince, he was banished
from the court as a disloyal atheist, the king after the
Restoration gave him a pension.

In 1648 the beginning of the Second Civil War induced
the prince to join the ships which had deserted the parlia-
mentary cause. He made an adventurous voyage to the
English coast, blockaded the mouth of the Thames, and
captured merchantmen as prizes. Yet he could contribute
little or nothing to avert the defeat of the coalition of Scot-
tish Presbyterians and English cavaliers by the New Model
Army. He did his best to save his father's life. He persuaded
the States General to dispatch ambassadors to London to
remonstrate against the king's trial and sent a blank sheet,
which he signed and sealed, so that parliament could in-
scribe what conditions it wished. All was in vain. Charles I
was beheaded and monarchy and the house of lords were
declared abolished.

Henceforth Charles II was styled Charles Stuart by those
in power in England, though newspapers called him
"young Tarquin" or simply "Tarquin." ² The comparison
was unkind, though on April 9, 1649, Lucy Walter had
given birth to a son whom Charles acknowledged. Both
mother and child caused much embarrassment then and

-2-