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11
Mozart's Key Signatures: A Peculiar Feature of
his Autograph Scores

ALBI ROSENTHAL

Mozart's predilection for playing with words, for anagrams and games of
various kinds, is well known and well documented. The numerous instances
familiar from many of his letters consisting of anagrams, reshuffling letters
within a word or words within a phrase, exchanging the first and last words,
or two inner ones, usually symmetrically, have their counterpart even in
some passages of Mozart's music, e.g. in the last movement of the String
Quartet in F, K. 590, where the notes of the Rondo theme, condensed into
a pattern of three tones repeated over and over again, become anagrams of
each other ( Ex. 11.1 ).

Mozart's musical handwriting has been studied exhaustively by many schol-
ars, such as Ludwig Schiedermair, Georg Schünemann, Alfred Einstein, and
several others, above all by Wolfgang Plath in his magisterial analysis of the
development of Mozart's script between 1770 and 1780.1

It was, however, Emanuel Winternitz who examined Mozart's handwrit-
ing specifically under the aspect of 'homo ludens', in his comprehensive
survey 'Gnagflow Trazom: An Essay on Mozart's Script, Pastimes, and Non-
sense Letters'
.2 He drew attention particularly to Mozart's 'space aura'--his

____________________
1 Ludwig Schiedermair, W. A. Mozart's Handschrift in zeitlich geordneten Nachbildungen ( Bückeburg
and Leipzig, 1919); Georg Schünemann, Musiker-Handschriften von Bach bis Schumann ( Berlin, 1936);
Alfred Einstein, Preface to 3rd edn. of Köchel Chronologisch--thematisches Verzeichnis sämtlicher Tonwerke
Wolfgang Amadé Mozart's
( Leipzig, 1936; also repr. in 6th ( 1963) and 7th ( 1965) edns., with additions
and corrections); Wolfgang Plath, "'Beiträge zur Mozart-Autographie II: Schriftchronologie 1770-
1780'", in Mozart Jahrbuch 1976/77, 131-75.
2 Emanuel Winternitz, Musical Autographs from Monteverdi to Hindemith, 2 vols. ( Princeton, NJ,
1955); id., "'Mozart's Paumgefühl'", in Erich Schenk (ed.), Kongressbericht Wien, Mozartjahr 1956 ( Graz
and Cologne, 1958), 736; id., "'Gnagflow Trazom: An Essay on Mozart's Script, Pastimes, and Non-
sense Letters'", Journal of the American Musicological Society, 11 ( 1958), 200-16.

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Publication Information: Book Title: Haydn, Mozart, & Beethoven: Studies in the Music of the Classical Period. Contributors: Sieghard Brandenburg - editor. Publisher: Clarendon Press. Place of Publication: Oxford. Publication Year: 1998. Page Number: 147.
    
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