The war against Japan is a war against people and a war against
ideas. The United Nations are winning the war against people, but
they have yet to give convincing evidence that they are attacking
the ideas that have made Japan dangerous. Defeat of the people
will mean victory in the war; but only the defeat of the ideas will
make possible a peaceful Japan.

The United Nations have demonstrated that they have learned
how to defeat the Japanese people in war. After the first six
months following Pearl Harbor, the Japanese Army and Navy
seemed to be all-victorious and all-conquering. The sneak attack
on Pearl Harbor gave the Japanese Navy temporary control over
much of the vast Pacific. The invasions of the Philippines, the
Netherlands East Indies, Malaya, Burma, French Indo-China, and
Thailand demonstrated that the Japanese armies were not only
fitted to fight a modern amphibious war, but were also trained in
the techniques of jungle-fighting, a type of warfare almost com-
pletely unknown to the armies of the United Nations.

Since the middle of 1942 the United Nations have learned rap-
idly and well to fight the type of war that had overwhelmed them.
The infantrymen of the Unitect States, China, and the British Em-
pire have learned the art of jungle-fighting so well that they now
surpass the Japanese at their own game. The United States Navy
has outfought the Japanese Navy whenever they have met; it has
conquered the vast distances that characterize the sea war in the
Pacific, and has mastered the complex problems of logistics. The
airmen of the United Nations have also succeeded in re-writing
the tactics of air warfare in new and strange theatres of war where
few Americans, for example, had ever been. All this has called for

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