1. The history of Rome first meets us in the dim legendary story of a small community planted on the left bank of the Tiber. We can fix no certain date for its beginning, nor is it easy to say when it ended. It is not the history of a nation, but of a government. The last remains of a government con- tinuously descended from that of ancient Rome did not disappear till 1453 A.D., when Constantinople was taken by the Turks. But Roman law, the supreme product of Roman government, is still living, for it is the foundation of many of the legal systems still in force. We may divide Roman history for convenience sake into periods according to the form of government in use.
1.
Regal period, our knowledge of which is very slight and indirect.
2.
Republican period.
3.
Imperial period.
It is with the second of these that we are concerned. The states of the ancient world, great or small, seem all to have been originally governed by kings, and the rise of republics was not found consistent with great and permanent extension of territory. The history of the free states of Greece is the stock instance of politics on a small scale. The city-states (πóλεις) of Hellas were weak from want of size and mutual jealousy. The loose cantonal unions lacked the cohesion necessary for exerting joint power with effect. No large political unit was efficiently organized in the Greek world until the rise of the national kingdom of Macedon. In the East large monarchies were the rule. The conquest of the Persian empire by Alexander made no change
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Publication Information: Book Title: A Short History of the Roman Republic. Contributors: W. E. Heitland - author. Publisher: Cambridge University Press. Place of Publication: Cambridge, England. Publication Year: 1911. Page Number: 1.
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