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agree on one generall appellation of them, DÆMONS. As if the
Dead of whom they Dreamed, were not Inhabitants of their
own Brain, but of the Air, or of Heaven, or Hell; not
Phantasmes, but Ghosts; with just as much reason, as if one
should say, he saw his own Ghost in a Looking-Glasse, or the
Ghosts of the Stars in a River; or call the ordinary apparition
of the Sun, of the quantity of about a foot, the Dæmon, or
Ghost of that great Sun that enlighteneth the whole visible
world: And by that means have feared them, as things of an
unknown, that is, of an unlimited power to doe them good, or
[353] harme; and consequently, given occasion to the Gover-
nours of the Heathen Common-wealths to regulate this their
fear, by establishing that DÆMONOLOGY (in which the Poets, as
Principall Priests of the Heathen Religion, were specially
employed, or reverenced) to the Publique Peace, and to the
Obedience of Subjects necessary thereunto; and to make some
of them Good Dæmons, and others Evill; the one as a Spurre
to the Observance, the other, as Reines to withhold them from
Violation of the Laws.

What kind of things they were, to whom they attributed
the name of Dæmons, appeareth partly in the Genealogie of their Gods, written by Hesiod, one
of the most ancient Poets of the Græcians; and
partly in other Histories; of which I have observed some few
before, in the 12. Chapter of this discourse.

What were
the Dæmons of
the Ancients

The Græcians, by their Colonies and Conquests, communi-
cated their Language and Writings into Asia, Egypt, and Italy; and therein, by necessary
consequence their Dæmonology, or (as St. Paul
calles it) their Doctrines of Devils: And by that meanes, the
contagion was derived also to the Jewes, both of Judæa, and
Alexandria, and other parts, whereinto they were dispersed.
But the name of Dæmon they did not (as the Græcians) attribute to Spirits both Good, and
Evill; but to the Evill onely: And to the Good
Dæmons they gave the name of the Spirit of God; and esteemed
those into whose bodies they entred to be Prophets. In
summe, all singularity if Good, they attributed to the Spirit of
God; and if Evill, to some Dæmon, but a κακοδáιμων, an
Evill Dæmon, that is, a Devill. And therefore, they called

How that
Doctrine was
spread
.

How far re-
cieved by the
Jews
.

-473-

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Publication Information: Book Title: Leviathan: Or, the Matter, Forme & Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiasticall and Civill. Contributors: Thomas Hobbes - author, A. R. Waller - editor. Publisher: Cambridge University Press. Place of Publication: Cambridge, England. Publication Year: 1904. Page Number: 473.
    
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