Oxford University Press Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Kuala Lumpur Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 1992 by Anna Wierzbicka Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue. New York, New York 10016-4314 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wierzbicka, Anna. Semantics, culture, and cognition: universal human concepts in culture-specific configurations / Anna Wierzbicka. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-507325-8. -- ISBN 0-19-507326-6 (pbk.) 1. Universals (Linguistics) 2. Semantics. 3. Language and culture. 4. Intercultural communication. 5. Psycholinguistics. I. Title. P204. W54 1992 401′.43--dc20 91-22152 5 7 9 8 6 4 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper -iv- |