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time he prays for whatever is desired. If the fire blazes
up and consumes the food, it is a good sign; it proves that
the ghost is present and that he is blowing up the flame.
The remainder of the food the sacrificer takes back to the
assembled people; some of it he eats himself and some of
it he gives to his assistant to eat. The people receive their
portions of the food at his hands and eat it or take it away.
While the sacrificing is going on, there is a solemn silence.
If a pig is killed, the portion burned in the sacrificial fire
is the heart in Florida, but the gullet at Bugotu. One
ghost who is commonly known and worshipped is called
Manoga. When the sacrificer invokes this ghost, he heaves
the sacrifice round about and calls him, first to the east,
where rises the sun, saying, "If thou dwellest in the east,
where rises the sun, Manoga! come hither and eat thy
tutu mash!" Then turning he lifts it towards where sets
the sun, and says, "If thou dwellest in the west, where sets
the sun, Manoga! come hither and eat thy tutu!" There
is not a quarter to which he does not lift it up. And when
he has finished lifting it he says, "If thou dwellest in heaven
above, Manoga! come hither and eat thy tutu! If thou
dwellest in the Pleiades or Orion's belt; if below in Turivatu;
if in the distant sea; if on high in the sun, or in the moon;
if thou dwellest inland or by the shore, Manoga! come
hither and eat thy tutu!" 1

Twice a year there are general sacrifices in which the
people of a village take part. One of these occasions is
when the canarium nut, so much used in native cookery,
is ripe. None of the nuts may be eaten till the first-fruits
have been offered to the ghost. "Devil he eat first; all
man he eat behind," is the lucid explanation which a native
gave to an English enquirer. The knowledge of the way
in which the first-fruits must be offered is handed down
from generation to generation, and the man who is learned
in this lore has authority to open the season. He observes
the state of the crop, and early one morning he is heard
to shout. He climbs a tree, picks some nuts, cracks them,
eats, and puts some on the stones in his sacred place for
the ghost. Then the rest of the people may gather the

First-fruits
of the
canarium
nuts
sacrificed
to ghosts.

____________________
1 R. H. Codrington, The Melanesians, pp. 130-132.

-368-

Questia, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning. www.questia.com

Publication Information: Book Title: The Belief in Immortality and the Worship of the Dead. Volume: 1. Contributors: J. G. Frazer - author. Publisher: Macmillan. Place of Publication: London. Publication Year: 1913. Page Number: 368.
    
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