Copyright © 1996 by Martin Campbell-Kelly and William Aspray. Published by BasicBooks, A Member of the Perseus Books Group All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address BasicBooks, 10 East 53rd Street, New York, NY 10022. Designed by Laura Lindgren Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Campbell-Kelly, Martin. Computer : a history of the information machine / Martin Campbell-Kelly and William Aspray. -- 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-465-02989-2 (cloth) ISBN 0-465-02990-6 (paper) 1. Computers--History. 2. Electronic data processing--History. I. Aspray, William. II. Title. QA76.17.C36 1996 004′.09--dc2o 96-2098 CIP 00 01 ❖/RRD 10 9 8 -iv- |