from a tradition-bound community into a modern variation. This modern-
izing tendency was adopted by the exponents of self-emancipation. The
transition from one phase to the other is thus revealed as possessing a
dialectical character, self-emancipation being a partial denial and partial
incorporation of emancipation.

This characteristic holds true even more of the expected results of the
change-over. The initiators of self-emancipation thought they had diag-
nosed the cause of anti-Semitism and found its remedy. As some of the
essays presented here show, Jewish self-emancipation may have trans-
muted the scene of the struggle for Jewish rehabilitaion, but it has not
succeeded in obviating its necessity. The "anomaly" of Jewish existence
has deep historical roots; its rectification can come about only as a result
of long-term historical processes. The juxtaposition of these two phases of
modern Jewish history, emancipation and self-emancipation, can illumi-
nate this possibly disillusioning--but, precisely because of this, neces-
sary--insight.

JACOB KATZ
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

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