Tories in the making, new Whigs, and, more disturbing
still, persons whose demands for fundamental change were
branding them as 'radicals.' New theories of democratic
government, of economic freedom, of greater social equality
and of liberal nationalism, were taking shape in men's
minds, and would soon have to be considered and dealt
with. In short, a new Europe and a new England were
gradually to appear as decade after decade of the nineteenth
century would roll by. Since the fairies had not forgotten
to add long life to Henry John Temple's other gifts, he
would have full chance to try his powers.

Looked at more closely, his endowments seem even to
gain in impressiveness. ¹ The Temples were a mighty and
widely-connected family in eighteenth-century England;
and, while the Irish Temples had been separated from the
English branch since Elizabethan times, even their remote
connection with some of the greatest Whig houses was not
to be despised. Moreover, the Irish Temples could, on
their own account, offer a good deal of distinguished
ancestry to the infant now born to be their head. The new
heir-apparent could pride himself on being descended from
a provost of Trinity, Dublin, an Irish master of the Rolls,
and a speaker of the Irish House. A more suitable pro-
genitor, though merely a collateral one, was the great Sir
William Temple of the late seventeenth century. For he,
establishing himself in England, had achieved eminence in
statecraft and diplomacy as well as in the literary world.
With him and with his brother's son, the first Viscount
Palmerston (in the Irish peerage), the Irish Temples had
ceased to be Irish in any sense other than that of being Irish
absentees. In fact, it seemed that the first viscount could not
do too much to consolidate his position in Walpole's Eng-
land, where society, politics and trade were forming the
amalgam that was to endure so long. He improved the
family seat at Broadlands, near Southampton, and the great
suburban residence of the Temples at East Sheen; he acted
as chairman of a committee (containing four dukes no less!)
formed to watch over that social sanctuary, St. James's
Square. He married a daughter of the governor of the Bank
of England (setting a precedent of alliance with Thread-

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