| | Permission is acknowledged to reprint previously published material excerpted from the following sources: | | Michael Anthony, Port-of-Spain in a World at War, 1939-1945. Port of Spain: Ministry of Sport, Culture and Youth Affairs. Reprinted by permission of the Trinidad and Tobago Ministry of Community Development, Culture, and Women's Affairs. | | | Franz Fanon. The Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove Press, 1963. Reprinted by permission of Grove Press, Inc. | | | Lionel Mordaunt Fraser, History of Trinidad, vol. 1. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd., 1971 [ 1891 ]. Reprinted by permission of Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. | | | Patrick Leigh Fermor, The Travellers' Tree: A Journey Through the Caribbean Islands. London: John Murray, 1950. Reprinted by permission of John Murray (Publishers) Ltd. | | | Earl Lovelace, The Dragon Can't Dance. Harlow: Longman, 1981. Reprinted by permission of Earl Lovelace. | | | Bertie Marshall, "The Bertie Marshall Story: Pan is Mih Gyul," Tapia 2, nos. 1-10 ( 1972); interview of Ian Jones by Lennox Grant, "Pan and Ian," Trinidad and Tobago Review 5, no. 3 ( 1981). Reprinted by permission of the Trinidad and Tobago Review. | | | Lennox Pierre, "History and Development of Steelband." Video tape of lecture delivered at West Indian Reference Section, Central Library of Trinidad and Tobago, 1987. Reprinted by permission of the Trinidad and Tobago Ministry of Education. | | | Raymond Quevedo, Atilla's Kaiso: A Short History of Trinidad Calypso. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Department of Extra Mural Studies, University of the West Indies, 1983. Reprinted by permission of the University of the West Indies -- St. Augustine. | | | W. Austin Simmonds, Pan: The Story of the Steelband. Maraval, Trinidad: BWIA International, n.d. [ 1959 ]. Reprinted by permission of BWIA International. | | | John E. Slater, The Advent of the Steel Band and My Life and Times with It. Reprinted by permission of John E. Slater. | | | Selwyn Tarradath, Pan Trinbago's Information Booklet. 1987. Reprinted by permission of Pan Trinbago. | | | Articles from the Daily Express, Sunday Express, and Trinidad Express, 1967- 1993. Reprinted by permission of Trinidad Express Newspapers Ltd. | | | Articles from the Trinidad Guardian and Sunday Guardian, 1920- 1988. Reprinted by permission of the Guardian Newspapers. | Copyright © 1995 by Stephen Stuempfle All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Stuempfle Stephen. The steelband movement / the forging of a national art in Trinidad and Tobago / Stephen Stuempfle. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, discography, and index. ISBN 0-8122-3329-8 (cloth: alk. paper). -- ISBN 0-8122-1565-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Steel bands (Music) -- Trinidad and Tobago -- History and criticism. 784.6`8 -- dc20 95-38564 CIP MN Cover photograph: Members of Invaders at the Queen's Park Oval, Port of Spain, early 1950s. Junia Browne collection. -iv- | |