The rare Arabian Oryx is believed to have inspired the myth of the unicorn. This desert
antelope became virtually extinct in the early 1960s. At that time, several groups of
international conservationists arranged to have nine animals sent to the Phoenix Zoo
to be the nucleus of a captive breeding herd. Today, the Oryx population
is over 1,000, and over 500 have been returned to the Middle East.

© 1999 by The Oryx Press

4041 North Central at Indian School Road

Phoenix, Arizona 85012-3397

Cover portrait of Elizabeth I by Nicholas Hilliard, 1575, by courtesy of the
National Portrait Gallery, London.

Cover photograph of the author by JoAnne Reed.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without permission in writing
from The Oryx Press.

Published simultaneously in Canada

Printed and bound in the United States of America

∞ + ⋝ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
American National Standard for Information Science--Permanence
of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSIZ39.48, 1984.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Wagner, John A., 1954-
Historical dictionary of the Elizabethan world: Britain, Ireland, Europe,
and America/ by John A. Wagner.

p. cm.
Includes bibliograpical references and index.
ISBN 1-57356-200-9 (alk. paper)

1. Great Britain--History--Elizabeth, 1558-1603 Encyclopedias.
2. America--Discovery and exploration--English Encyclopedias.
3. Ireland--History--1558-1603 Encyclopedias. 4. Europe--History--
1517-1648 Encyclopedias. I. Title.

DA357.W34 1999
942.05'5'03-dc21 99-31109
CIP

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