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Appendix II
Reconstruction of Early Mandarin--The Zhongyuan yinyun

INITIALS
k kʻ (ŋ) X H
tʂ tʂʻ ʂ r
ts tsʻ s
t tʻ n l
p pʻ m f υ
The zero initial H was probably already a uvular or velar continuant as in
modern Pekingese. It is left untranscribed. The phonemic status of ŋ, placed in
parentheses in the above table, is doubtful. There are a few minimal pairs that
might indicate a contrast between H and ŋ.
FINALS
1. Rhyme Dong Zhong
-uŋ, -juŋ
2. Rhyme Jiang Yang
-aăŋ [ɑŋ], -jaăŋ [jɑŋ], -waăŋ [wɑŋ]
-jwaăŋ [ɥɑŋ]
3. Rhyme Zhi Si
-r + ̩, -z + ̩
4. Rhyme Qi Wei
-i, -uj, -əj
5. Rhyme Yu Mo
-u, -y
6. Rhyme Xie Lai
-aj, -jaj, -waj
7. Rhyme Zhen Wen
-ən, -in, -un, -yn
8. Rhyme Han Shan
-an, -jan, -wan
9. Rhyme Huan Huan
-uăn [uɔn]
10. Rhyme Xian Tian
-iăn [iɛn], -yăn [yɛn]

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Publication Information: Book Title: Middle Chinese: A Study in Historical Phonology. Contributors: E. G. Pulleyblank - author. Publisher: University of British Columbia Press. Place of Publication: Vancouver, B.C.. Publication Year: 1984. Page Number: 238.
    
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