we members of the present generation will go beyond merely receiving and transmitting it and make the effort to continue to improve it, to try to creatively develop it into the best possible form for the future, then we can only add to its worth. AN ART OF TIME AND SPACE The drama of Noh is depicted in song and dance, but calling Noh a kind of drama or a combination of singing and dancing does not begin to describe the nature of either its conception or its form. The elements involved in the performance of a Noh play are: | vocal music | utai (a form of chant) | | instrumental music | hayashi (an orchestra composed of a flute and three drums) | | acting techniques | kata (dance poses or actions) | | dance elements | mai (dances accompanied by utai and hayashi) | | fine arts, crafts | masks, robes, and instruments | | architecture | the Noh stage, an independent structure | | time | the mode of production | | space | the unified space of stage plus audience | The last four elements in particular are rarely seen in other forms of theater to be as intricately woven together into a harmonious whole as in the Noh drama, making it a total stage art that approaches perfection. The resulting combination of elements is governed by a body of sound concepts and sophisticated theories that establishes a unique and highly refined aesthetic philosophy. The arts are often categorized according to symbolic form: arts of space--plastica arts of stillness and composition such as painting, sculpture, and architecture; arts of time--the lively arts of motion and temporality such as music, literature, and drama. This cate- gorization may be adequate for a rough understanding, but a great difficulty arises with further subdivisions within this simple physical -xvi- |