month after his accession, that he wanted to attend to the Southern question, but that the office-seekers took up all his time. His successors have not fared any better. Every aspirant wanted to "interview" the President, even when the appointment was not in his gift. The greedy throng pressed on at Washington, and if some came back empty-handed, others succeeded in carrying off the places by sheer importunity. The Re- public was regularly looted. "If ever," said Lincoln on this subject, "this free people, if this government itself is ever utterly demoralized, it will come from this wriggle and struggle for office."
It was absolutely necessary to withdraw the selection of officials from political favouritism, from party in- fluence, but how? The experience of the mother coun- try appeared to offer the means in the form of a system of admission to office by open competition. Favour- itism had long flourished in England and with equally disastrous effects; the patronage of the Crown, which afterwards passed into the hands of members of Par- liament, had been but a source of corruption, and at best made public office an appanage of the privileged few. The competition system introduced into England, from and after 1853, for admission to the lower-grade appointments, had thrown these open to merit. A modest Congressman of Rhode Island, Jenckes, made himself the promoter of a similar reform in the States. Year after year, from 1867 onwards, he indefatigably submitted to Congress a series of bills supported by a remarkable array of data, but without success. The places, which cost the members of Congress nothing, provided a large fund with which they could buy elec-toral
by a plan of merit System in civil service.
-322-
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Publication Information: Book Title: Democracy and the Party System in the United States. Contributors: M. Ostrogorski - author. Publisher: Macmillan. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1910. Page Number: 322.
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