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month after his accession, that he wanted to attend to
the Southern question, but that the office-seekers took
up all his time. His successors have not fared any
better. Every aspirant wanted to "interview" the
President, even when the appointment was not in his
gift. The greedy throng pressed on at Washington, and
if some came back empty-handed, others succeeded in
carrying off the places by sheer importunity. The Re-
public was regularly looted. "If ever," said Lincoln
on this subject, "this free people, if this government
itself is ever utterly demoralized, it will come from
this wriggle and struggle for office."

It was absolutely necessary to withdraw the selection
of officials from political favouritism, from party in-
fluence, but how? The experience of the mother coun-
try appeared to offer the means in the form of a system
of admission to office by open competition. Favour-
itism had long flourished in England and with equally
disastrous effects; the patronage of the Crown, which
afterwards passed into the hands of members of Par-
liament, had been but a source of corruption, and at
best made public office an appanage of the privileged
few. The competition system introduced into England,
from and after 1853, for admission to the lower-grade
appointments, had thrown these open to merit. A
modest Congressman of Rhode Island, Jenckes, made
himself the promoter of a similar reform in the States.
Year after year, from 1867 onwards, he indefatigably
submitted to Congress a series of bills supported by a
remarkable array of data, but without success. The
places, which cost the members of Congress nothing,
provided a large fund with which they could buy elec-toral

by a plan
of merit
System in
civil service.

-322-

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Publication Information: Book Title: Democracy and the Party System in the United States. Contributors: M. Ostrogorski - author. Publisher: Macmillan. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1910. Page Number: 322.
    
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