ployees and the public received its benefits and the
railroads unconsciously, and involuntarily, perhaps,
profited by the better standard developed."

He says expressly that the men deserve more
credit for making out the insurance and benefit
schemes, for starting them and making a public
opinion in their favor than anything done by the rail-
roads. Again, "It may be noted that this need for
relief and insurance was recognized by the men them-
selves nearly twenty years before the matter re-
ceived formal attention on the part of the railroad
companies."

Upon the much-mooted question of the "incorpo-
ration" of trade-unions, I find but one expression of
his opinion: that while this might be well, if it came
of their own free choice, under no circumstance
should they be compelled to incorporate. "I do not
see that the incorporation of the labor organization
would solve the question. In my judgment the prin-
cipal labor organizations will always oppose com-
pulsory arbitration because they know they can do
better by themselves."

As he would have the representation of the trade-
union openly "recognized," he insisted that the
logic of recognition should be accepted. The aim of
the unions is to make their wage-bargain not indi-
vidually but collectively. With no shuffling, Baldwin
agrees that "collective bargaining" is a fair claim and
as such should be accepted by employers. He says: --

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