Plans for this study were formulated in the spring of 1949,
when the senior author applied to the Division of Exchange of
Persons, of the U. S. Department of State, for assistance under
the Fulbright Act. A research grant was made, involving his
informal connection with the Faculty of Letters of the University
of Algiers. Despite the fact that this was the first year of the
exchange program, the U. S. Educational Commission for France
did everything possible to facilitate the practical aspects of the
grant during the nine months of 1950 which were spent in Algeria.
It was this grant, of course, which made the research possible.

The field period would have been much less satisfactory
and productive, however, had it not been for an additional gener-
ous research grant made to Miner by the Horace H. Rackham
Fund of the University of Michigan. Dr. Paul Fejos of the Wenner-
Gren Foundation also kindly loaned a wire recorder and other
equipment for use in the field. Once the data were collected,
their analysis and the writing of the first part of the report made
slow progress until a grant-in-aid from the Division of Behavioral
Sciences of the Ford Foundation made it possible for Miner to
secure research assistance and to devote two summers to writing.

The callaboration between the authors began in the fall of
1956, when Dr. De Vos scored all of the Rorschach protocols
obtained in Algeria and those of American control samples
kindly loaned by Dr. Samuel J. Beck. De Vos' interpretation of
the Algerian data also reflects the exchange of information and
discussion which went on between the authors over a year's
period. The first seven chapters were written by Miner, who
also collaborated in the last three, written by De Vos.

Grateful acknowledgement is also made of the assistance
rendered by Professor Max Hutt, who instructed the senior
author in the administration of the Rorschach test and was re-
sponsible for the scoring of the Algerian tests and for the hy-
pothesis reported in Chapter VII.

In Algiers, the friendship and assistance the Miners received
from Dr. and Mrs. L. Cabot Briggs contributed greatly to their
pleasure and to the fulfillment of the research objectives. They
were fortunate to have Monsieur André Lebert as the adminis-
trator of the oasis area in which they lived. He may so aptly be
characterized as "a gentleman and a scholar" that the phrase
loses its triteness. A fluent Arabic speaker, he lived up to the

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