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Notes
1. For recent Taiwan criticisms of Chinese Communist "distortions" of the history of
China's War of Resistance against Japan, see Ting Chao-ch'iang, "History Cannot Be
Distorted [by the Chinese Communists]--Rectification of Some Important Historical
Facts Regarding the War of Resistance", Chung-yang jih-pao (Central daily news), De-
cember 14, 1988; also Mei Ch'ing, "On the Chinese Communist Obstruction During the
War of Resistance and Deliberate Distortion of the War's History", Chung-kuo ta-lu
yen-chiu (Chinese mainland studies) 28, 3 ( September 1985):51-57. The Chinese Com-
munist party (CCP) has changed its position since 1985 on the question of which party
actually bore the brunt of the war effort and brought victory to China. In the summer of
1985, an exhibit was mounted in Peking of historical records and artifacts celebrating the
fortieth anniversary of the end of the War of Resistance. This exhibit, which I happened to
visit, contained a huge display outlining the background and progression of the war. It
stated that the "regular armed forces at the command of the National Government, led by
the Kuomintang, fought this the most crucial of wars confronting the life or death of the
Chinese nation." The irregular troops commanded by the CCP, the huge poster added,
carried on their share of the war effort "behind enemy lines." This was the first indication
that the CCP's official interpretation of the war had changed from its previous claim that
the KMT forces were not fighting the Japanese and that only the CCP was actively
engaged in battle. For the CCP's previous position, see PLA Military Academy, Di erci
shijie dazhan (Ti-erh-tz'u shih-chieh ta-chan) ( The Second World War) ( Beijing: World
Knowledge Press, 1984). For the revised CCP position, see "Reassessing the War in
China", Beijing Review, August 12, 1985, pp. 13-32.
2. For more detailed discussion of the textbook issue, see Allen S. Whiting, China
Eyes Japan ( Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), pp. 46 - 51, 55 - 60.
3. Japan Times ( Tokyo), May 12 and 13, 1988. See also Ami Miyazaki, "Japan's Role
in World War II? Take Your Pick of History", Japan Times Weekly, June 11, 1988.
4. Urban C. Lehner, "More Japanese Deny Nation Was Aggressor", Wall Street Jour-
nal, September 8, 1988.
5. Ibid. On the history of the 1937 Nanking massacre, see Mi Chu Wiens, "Historical
Archival Data on the Rape of Nanking", in K'ang-chan sheng-li ti tai-chia (The costs of
China's victory in the War of Resistance), ed. Hsu Cho-yun et al. ( Taipei: Lien-ching
Press, 1986), pp. 73-78; "Nanjing Massacre: A Dark Page in History", Beijing Review,
September 2, 1985, pp. 15 - 21.
6. One recent volume on the course of the actual military battles is Dick Wilson, When
Tigers Fight: The Story of the Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945 ( New York: Penguin
Books, 1983).
7. To make up for the gap, readers may consult Ernest M. Wampler, China Suffers
(Elgin, IL: Brethren Publishing, 1945); also Lin Yutang, Vigil of a Nation ( London:
Heinemann, 1946).

-xii-

Questia, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning. www.questia.com

Publication Information: Book Title: China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937-1945. Contributors: James C. Hsiung - editor, Steven I. Levine - editor. Publisher: M.E. Sharpe. Place of Publication: Armonk, NY. Publication Year: 1992. Page Number: xii.
    
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